OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report: Liver

Allison J. Kwong¹, John R. Lake^2,3, David P. Schladt², Alina Martinez⁴, Samantha Weiss⁴, Dzhuliyana Handarova⁴, Benjamin Schumacher⁴, Jon J. Snyder^2,5,6, Allyson Hart^2,6, W. Ray Kim^2,7

¹Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA

²Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients, Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute, Minneapolis, MN

³Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

⁴Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network, United Network for Organ Sharing, Richmond, VA

⁵Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

⁶Department of Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN

⁷Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, AZ

Abstract

The number of liver transplants performed in 2024 in the United States reached another record high at 11,458 overall, representing a 70.3% increase since 2014; 10,886 (95.0%) adults and 572 (5.0%) children received transplants. Living donation represented a lower proportion (4.5%) of adult transplants and higher proportion (19.4%) of pediatric transplants compared with the preceding year. Despite an ever-growing number of waitlist additions, removals from the waiting list outpaced them, resulting in a smaller waiting list compared with previous years. Alcohol-associated cirrhosis was the most common primary diagnosis among adult recipients, and biliary atresia among pediatric recipients. The number of deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant increased to 12,174, of whom 32.1% were donation after circulatory death donors and 33.7% were aged 55 years or older. This trend was associated with increased deceased donor transplant rates. Outcomes after transplant have improved across the board, with 92.0% graft and 93.5% patient survival at 12 months among adult deceased donor recipients, and 93.9% graft and 95.7% patient survival at 12 months among pediatric deceased donor recipients.

Keywords: Deceased donor transplant, immunosuppression, liver transplantation, living donor transplant, transplant outcomes, waitlist outcomes

1 Introduction

In recent years, there has been notable progress in the landscape of liver transplantation in the United States, including the following key observations:

The availability and use of livers from donation after circulatory death (DCD) donors has increased markedly, as well as livers from older donors. This can be attributed to wider uptake of advanced perfusion technology since the first approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2021. Compared with the traditional cold storage method, the advanced perfusion technology enhances organ viability, reduces the risk of ischemic injury, and allows real-time functional assessment of the graft. Note that advanced organ preservation utilization and process data are not systematically or consistently collected or reported to the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN). Consequently, OPTN data do not permit the assessment of which organs are preserved using normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) or normothermic regional perfusion (NRP), the outcomes of these preservation technologies, or the frequency with which donor patients have attempted or actual NRP organ recovery performed. The data included in this Annual Data Report assume that NRP was performed if and only if the time from declaration of death to cross-clamp for a DCD donor was greater than 30 minutes.
Likely related to the above, transplant rates have increased, primarily for adults, with shorter waiting times at the time of transplant. Despite the increase in transplant rates, the pretransplant mortality rate has generally remained stable.
The model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) has been used to prioritize patients for liver transplant since 2002, and it was updated in January 2016 to MELD-sodium (MELD-Na) and in July 2023 to MELD 3.0. This latest version incorporates sex and albumin as new variables and updates coefficients to the serum creatinine, international normalized ratio, bilirubin, and sodium. After implementation of MELD 3.0, there was a smaller difference in the deceased donor liver transplant rates between sexes. However, female candidates still had higher pretransplant mortality compared with male candidates.

This Annual Data Report contains several new figures and tables, including data regarding (1) simultaneous liver-kidney (SLK) transplant activity and listings for kidney-after-liver transplant since implementation of the medical eligibility criteria for SLK transplant and “safety net” policy in August 2017; (2) outcomes stratified by hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-HCC exception, since implementation of the National Liver Review Board in 2019; (3) multiorgan transplant combinations that include the liver; (4) distance between donor and liver transplant center based on acuity circle distance; (5) serology typing of donor and recipients; and (6) transplant center volumes.

In 2024, there were 143 active liver transplant centers performing at least one pediatric or adult liver transplant, compared to 132 in 2014 (Figure LI 55), with 30.8% of centers performing 25 or fewer transplants and 37.1% of centers performing 101 or more (Figure LI 56).

2 Adult Liver Transplant

2.1 Waiting List

During 2024, there were 14,637 adult liver candidates newly registered, adding to the 9,739 candidates already waiting, and resulting in a total of 24,376 candidates on the list at any time during the year (Figure LI 1, Figure LI 2, and Table LI 4). By the end of the calendar year, 15,246 candidates were removed from the waiting list, leaving 9,130 still waiting on December 31, 2024. The most common removal reason was deceased donor liver transplant (68.0%), followed by Other reason (8.5%), condition improved (7.1%), death (6.3%), being too sick for transplant (6.1%), and living donor liver transplant (3.2%) (Table LI 5). Compared with previous years, a higher proportion of patients were removed for deceased donor liver transplant and a smaller proportion were removed for being too sick or Other reasons.

The age distribution of the liver transplant waiting list has continued to skew younger, with 6.4% of adult candidates aged 18-34 years, 21.7% aged 35-49 years, 45.6% aged 50-64 years, and 26.3% aged 65 years or older in 2024 (Figure LI 3). Female candidates made up an increasing proportion (40.8%) compared with previous years, although male candidates were still the majority (59.2%) (Figure LI 4). The racial and ethnic composition remained relatively unchanged: 65.4% White, 19.9% Hispanic, 6.5% Black, 4.4% Asian, 1.3% Native American, and 0.7% Multiracial (Figure LI 6). Similar to in previous years, 3.4% of candidates in 2024 had a history of previous liver transplant (Figure LI 11). The proportion of candidates with obesity (body mass index [BMI] 35 kg/m² or greater) continued to increase, making up 18.2% of the waitlist population (Figure LI 9).

By diagnosis, alcohol-associated liver disease continued to lead as the most common primary diagnosis in adults for liver transplant waitlisting, representing 39.1% of candidates: 34.5% with alcohol-associated cirrhosis without acute alcohol-associated hepatitis, and 4.7% with acute alcohol-associated hepatitis with or without cirrhosis. This was followed by metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis (MASH; 20.5%), other/unknown diagnoses (16.2%), HCC (10.4%), cholestatic liver disease (7.2%), hepatitis C (5.1%), and acute liver failure (1.5%) (Figure LI 7).

Based on the last available status during the calendar year, 78.4% maintained active status and 21.6% were inactive; 5.8% with laboratory MELD score of 40 or greater, 5.5% with MELD 35-39, 15.9% with MELD 25-34, 37.6% with MELD 15-24, and 35.2% with MELD 14 or lower (Figure LI 8 and Figure LI 12). Whereas in 2014 the highest representation of patients waiting on the list had a laboratory MELD score of 14 or lower, in 2024 there was a slightly greater proportion of patients with MELD 15-24. Similar to previous years, 18.3% of the waiting list in 2024 had exception points: 14.1% with HCC exception and 4.2% with non-HCC exception (Figure LI 5). Most candidates had blood type O (48.1%) or type A (38.5%), followed by blood type B (10.5%) and type AB (2.8%) (Figure LI 10), which mirrors the distribution of the general US population.

2.2 Waitlist Outcomes

In 2024, the overall adult deceased donor liver transplant rate continued to rise, to 110.6 transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time—a nearly threefold increase from 10 years prior (Figure LI 13). This increase occurred across all age and racial and ethnic groups, with higher transplant rates observed among the younger (18-34 and 35-49 years) versus the older age groups (50-64 years and 65 years or older) (Figure LI 14 and Figure LI 15). Coinciding with the implementation of MELD 3.0 in July 2023, deceased donor liver transplant rates were more similar between the sexes than in previous years: 111.8 and 108.8 transplants per 100 patient-years for male and female candidates, respectively (Figure LI 19).

Higher transplant rates were observed in those with alcohol-associated hepatitis (331.2 transplants per 100 patient-years) versus all other diagnoses, and in those with blood type AB (291.9) and to a lesser extent blood type B (153.5) versus A or O blood types (Figure LI 16 and Figure LI 17). Transplant rates were slightly higher for patients with non-HCC exception compared to those with HCC exception or no exception; however, the disparity in transplant rates between those with and without an exception has narrowed considerably since implementation of the National Liver Review Board in 2019 (Figure LI 18).

Among adults listed in 2023, 45.0% received a deceased donor liver transplant within 3 months, 52.0% within 6 months, and 61.9% within 1 year (Figure LI 20). Overall transplant probabilities have steadily increased year over year. After 3 years, among adult candidates newly listed in 2019-2021, 59.6% had undergone deceased donor liver transplant, 3.5% received living donor liver transplant, 8.2% died, 22.6% were removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death, and 6.1% were still waiting (Figure LI 21).

The overall pretransplant mortality rates have decreased to 13.4 deaths per 100 patient-years in 2024 from 17.9 in 2014 and have been overall stable in the past several years (Figure LI 22). Pretransplant mortality rates were higher among older patients (65 years or older: 18.8 deaths per 100 patient-years) and women compared to men (15.0 versus 12.4), even after implementation of MELD 3.0 in July 2023 (Figure LI 23 and Figure LI 25). By diagnosis, higher pretransplant mortality was also seen in those with acute liver failure or alcohol-associated hepatitis (Figure LI 26), and in those with a laboratory MELD score of 35 or greater (Figure LI 27). Pretransplant mortality rates were lower in candidates with HCC exception and higher in those with non-HCC exception (Figure LI 28). Pretransplant mortality rates still varied widely by donation service area, at a median of 12.8 (range, 5.0-32.7) deaths per 100 patient-years (Figure LI 29).

Among adults removed from the liver transplant waiting list in 2024 for reasons other than transplant or death, 13.7% of patients died within 6 months after removal (Figure LI 30). This proportion was expectedly higher among those with a laboratory MELD score of 25 of greater and candidates aged 65 years or older, but overall survival after removal from the waiting list has improved over the past decade (Figure LI 31 and Figure LI 32).

2.3 Transplants

In 2024, there were 10,886 adult liver transplant recipients, another record high and a notable 75.6% increase since 2014 (Figure LI 36). Of these, 10,393 (95.5%) were deceased donor and 493 (4.5%) were living donor liver transplant. The proportion of living donor transplants represents a decrease from 5.7% in the preceding 2 years (Figure LI 37).

In terms of age, 7.2% of adult liver transplant recipients were aged 18-34 years, 24.4% were aged 35-49 years, 45.5% were aged 50-64 years, and 22.9% were aged 65 years or older (Figure LI 38 and Table LI 6). Compared with 2014, there were proportionally fewer transplant recipients aged 50-64 years and more in both the younger (18-34 and 35-49 years) and older (65 years or older) age groups. The proportion of female transplant recipients has also increased, to 40.6% in 2024 from 33.3% in 2014 (Figure LI 39). The racial and ethnic composition of liver transplant recipients included 66.8% White, followed by 18.5% Hispanic, 6.2% Black, 3.8% Asian, 1.5% Native American, and 0.7% Multiracial; the percentage with unreported racial and ethnic data has increased to 2.4% (Figure LI 40). There was a continued increase in the prevalence of obesity, with 16.9% of transplant recipients having a BMI of 35 kg/m² or greater (Table LI 6).

Only 3.4% of adult transplant recipients had a previous liver transplant (Figure LI 43). Alcohol-associated liver disease was the most common primary diagnosis of adult liver transplant recipients in 2024—representing 41.1% of transplants, including 33.9% alcohol-associated cirrhosis and 7.3% alcohol-associated hepatitis (Table LI 7). The remainder included 20.7% MASH, 15.1% other/unknown diagnoses, 10.7% HCC, 3.5% hepatitis C, and 1.5% acute liver failure (Figure LI 41).

In 2024, most adult liver transplants were covered by private insurance (51.2%), followed by Medicare (27.3%) and Medicaid (17.4%). Based on the rural-urban commuting area designation of their home zip code, 82.0% of transplant recipients lived in a metropolitan area; 53.3% were less than 50 miles from the transplant center, 19.1% were 50-<100 miles away, 10.3% were 100-<150 miles away, 8.0% were 150-<250 miles away, and 8.3% were 250 miles or farther (Table LI 6).

At the time of transplant, the laboratory MELD score was 40 or greater in 9.5% of transplant recipients, 35-39 in 9.8%, 25-34 in 27.0%, 15-24 in 34.5%, and 14 or lower in 19.2%. The proportion of status 1A was 1.8% in 2024, down from 3.4% in 2014. Blood type O was the most common (46.1%), followed by type A (37.5%), type B (12.2%), and type AB (4.1%) (Table LI 7). Most (65.4%) liver transplant recipients waited less than 90 days for transplant, 10.8% waited 3-<6 months, 14.0% waited 6-<12 months, 6.0% waited 1-<2 years, and 3.6% waited 2 years or longer (Table LI 8).

The proportion of adult liver transplants from DCD donors has increased rapidly: 28.1% in 2024, up from 5.8% in 2014, 11.3% in 2022, and 16.7% in 2023. Conversely, 67.4% of transplant recipients in 2024 received livers from donation after brain death (DBD) donors, and the remainder (4.5%) received living donor livers (Figure LI 42). The use of split livers in adult recipients has continued to decrease: 0.87% (or 95 total recipients) in 2024, compared with 1.02% in 2014 (Table LI 8).

In 2024, 14.1% of adult liver transplant recipients had HCC exception points, 5.6% had non-HCC exception points, and the remainder (80.3%) had no exception points and underwent transplant by their laboratory MELD score (Figure LI 44). Over the past decade, the proportion receiving transplant without an exception has increased by nearly 20%, whereas the proportion with HCC or other exception has decreased.

In 2024, of the 10,886 adult liver transplants, 895 (8.2%) included at least one other organ (ie, multiorgan), most (n = 770) of which were liver-kidney. Otherwise, there were 71 liver-heart, 19 liver-intestine, and 35 other multiorgan combinations (Figure LI 45). From a peak of 9.9% in 2016, the proportion of all adult liver transplants that were SLK has decreased to 7.1% in 2024 (Figure LI 47), after implementation of standardized medical eligibility criteria and the safety net policy in August 2017. Most (92.0%) liver-kidney recipients qualified by chronic kidney disease criteria, rather than by acute kidney injury (7.2%) or metabolic disease criteria (0.5%) (Figure LI 48).

In terms of organ transportation distance, 50.4% of adult liver transplants in 2024 were performed using a donor less than 150 miles from the liver transplant center; 16.1%, 150-<250 miles; 22.7%, 250-<500 miles; and 10.8%, 500 or more miles (Figure LI 46). There was a large increase in organs traveling 250-<500 miles in 2020 after implementation of the acuity circles allocation policy on February 4, 2020.

Induction immunosuppression was reported in a minority (25.1%) of liver transplant recipients (Figure LI 52), the most common type being interleukin-2 receptor antibody alone rather than T-cell–depleting agents (Figure LI 53). For maintenance immunosuppression, the most common reported combination was a regimen of tacrolimus, a mycophenolate agent, and steroids (68.1%), followed by tacrolimus and mycophenolate (19.5%) (Figure LI 54).

Serologic data from adult deceased donor transplant recipients in 2022-2024 indicate cytomegalovirus mismatch (ie, donor positive, recipient negative) in 24.3% of cases, and donor-transmitted hepatitis C infection (ie, donor hepatitis C virus [HCV]–positive nucleic acid test [NAT]–positive, recipient negative) in 3.6% of cases (Table LI 9).

2.4 Outcomes

Adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients from 2023 had 6.2% graft failure at 6 months and 8.0% graft failure at 12 months (Figure LI 57), and adult living donor liver transplant recipients had 4.8% graft failure at 6 months and 6.0% at 12 months (Figure LI 58). The risk of death was 4.8% at 6 months and 6.5% at 12 months for adult liver transplant recipients who underwent transplant in 2023, 12.2% at 3 years for recipients of transplant in 2021, 17.8% at 5 years for recipients of transplant in 2019, and 33.6% at 10 years for recipients of transplant in 2014—all improved from the previous few years (Figure LI 59).

Among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients from 2017-2019, the 5-year graft and patient survival were lower among older patients (65 years or older; Figure LI 60 and Figure LI 73), those of Black or Other race and ethnicity (Figure LI 61 and Figure LI 74), and those with HCV, HCC, or MASH relative to other diagnoses (Figure LI 63 and Figure LI 76), yet still overall outcomes were excellent, exceeding 74% in all categories. Female recipients had 81.0% 5-year graft survival and 82.7% 5-year patient survival, compared with 78.4% and 80.0% for male recipients, respectively (Figure LI 62 and Figure LI 75). Recipients in all MELD score categories had similar 5-year graft survival and patient survival outcomes, which were 77.5% and 79.0%, respectively, even in the highest MELD category of 40 or greater (Figure LI 64 and Figure LI 77). Recipients of DBD livers had higher graft survival compared to recipients of DCD livers (79.6% versus 76.1%) (Figure LI 65). With 5-year graft survival of 77.7%, patients with HCC exception had a marginally worse outcome compared to those without an exception (79.9%) or with non-HCC exception (78.6%) (Figure LI 66).

Overall, 5-year graft and patient survival were excellent among adult living donor liver transplant recipients from 2017-2019. Patients aged 65 years or older had worse outcomes after living donor transplant, with 75.1% graft and 76.3% patient survival, compared with 84.3%-85.2% and 90.3%-91.8%, respectively, for recipients younger than 50 years (Figure LI 68 and Figure LI 78). Superior outcomes were observed in recipients without a diagnosis of hepatitis C or HCC (Figure LI 71 and Figure LI 79).

Among adult liver recipients who underwent transplant in 2023, the incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant was higher among the younger age categories, at 15.8% for recipients aged 18-34 years and 13.4% for those aged 35-49 years—compared with 9.1% for those aged 50-64 years and 6.9% for those 65 years or older (Figure LI 82). Among a cohort of recipients who underwent transplant in 2013-2019, the incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after 5 years was 1.0%, and it was 2.1% among the subset of those known to be Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) negative (Figure LI 84).

In 2024, there were 920 adult candidates added to the kidney transplant waiting list who had a previous liver transplant: 48.7% were listed 60-<365 days after liver transplant (ie, in the safety net window), and 41.3% were listed 3 or more years after liver transplant (Figure LI 49). The most common primary diagnosis for kidney transplant listing after liver transplant was hepatorenal syndrome (29.6%), followed by other/unknown (21.2%), diabetes (17.7%), and calcineurin inhibitor nephrotoxicity (16.1%) (Figure LI 50). Overall, there were 441 kidney transplants performed in recipients who also had a previous history of liver transplant (Figure LI 51).

3 Donation

In 2024, the number of deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant reached an all-time high of 12,174, an 11.0% increase from just the year prior (Figure LI 85). Only 5.3% of deceased donors were pediatric (younger than 18 years); 13.9% were aged 18-29 years, 16.6% were aged 30-39 years, 30.4% were aged 40-54 years, and 33.7% were aged 55 years or older (Figure LI 88). The number of pediatric donors has been relatively stable over the past several years, with 646 pediatric donor livers recovered for transplant in 2024. Conversely, the number of donors in the oldest age category (55 years or older) reached a high of 4,108 (a 37.0% increase from 2023) (Figure LI 86). The sex distribution of deceased liver donors was similar to that of previous years, with 61.0% being male and 39.0% being female (Figure LI 89) The racial and ethnic composition was also stable: 63.4% White, 17.0% Black, 14.6% Hispanic, 2.9% Asian, and 2.0% Other (Figure LI 90). Common causes of death among deceased liver donors were anoxia (47.8%), cerebrovascular accident/stroke (27.0%), and head trauma (21.6%) (Figure LI 94).

The absolute number of donors with positive HCV antibody status who had liver recovered for transplant has not continued to increase, resulting in a decreased proportion of these donors: 7.9% in 2024, from a peak of 9.7% in 2020 (Figure LI 87). Of these 958 donors, 43.7% were NAT-positive (making up 3.4% of the total donor population); the remainder were HCV antibody–positive but NAT-negative (Figure LI 91).

Of deceased donor livers recovered for transplant, 50.5% had available data regarding macrovesicular steatosis: 3.0% had 31% or greater liver fat, 7.7% had 11-<31% liver fat, and 39.8% had less than 11% liver fat (Figure LI 93).

Notably, the percentage of DCD donors has increased markedly in just the past few years: 32.1% of livers recovered for transplant in 2024, compared with 7.0% in 2014 and 14.1% in 2022 (Figure LI 92). The percentage of DCD livers recovered for transplant but not transplanted (ie, nonuse) was lower than in previous years, at 21.6% in 2024 compared with 26.8% in both 2014 and 2022, but was still higher than that for DBD livers (6.8%) (Figure LI 102).

Overall, the percentage of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted increased to 11.6% in 2024 (Figure LI 95). The nonuse rate was higher among older donors (those aged 40-54 years and those 55 years or older) (Figure LI 96) as well as those with higher degrees of macrovesicular steatosis (Figure LI 103). Similar nonuse rates were observed among HCV NAT-negative donors with or without positive HCV antibody (9.0% and 11.6%, respectively); however, livers from NAT-positive donors were more likely to be recovered but not transplanted (14.6%) (Figure LI 100). Donors with risk factors for disease transmission based on the US Public Health Service Guideline were actually less likely to have their liver go unused than donors without such risk factors (8.5% versus 12.2% nonuse) (Figure LI 101).

The number of living liver donors decreased to 605 in 2024 from 658 in 2023 (Figure LI 104). Regarding donor relation to the recipient, most living donors in 2024 were related (39.9%), while 25.3% were categorized as directed, 8.8% were distantly related, and 3.5% were spouse/partner (Figure LI 105). However, there continued to be growth in Other (or nondirected) donation, representing 106 (17.6%) of living donors in 2024, increased from just 14 (5.2%) in 2014. There were 29 paired living donors, accounting for 4.8% of living donation. Few living donors were older than 55 years (6.8%) or had BMI of 35 kg/m² or greater (2.3%) (Figure LI 106 and Figure LI 110). Living liver donors were more likely to be female (56.9%) and White (75.7%) (Figure LI 107 and Figure LI 108).

The right lobe remained the most commonly donated (73.7%) in living donor liver transplant; 0.8% of donations were recorded as whole domino (Figure LI 109).

4 Pediatric Liver Transplant

4.1 Waiting List

In 2024, there were 758 pediatric candidates added to the liver transplant waiting list, an increase from recent years, resulting in 1,162 total pediatric candidates listed at any time during the year (Figure LI 111 and Figure LI 112). During the course of the year, 741 candidates were removed, leaving 421 still waiting on December 31, 2024 (Table LI 14). The most common reason for waitlist removal was deceased donor liver transplant (63.0%), followed by living donor liver transplant (15.0%), condition improved (9.4%), Other reason (7.6%), death (2.4%), or being too sick (2.2%) (Table LI 15).

With age determined based on the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or the end of the calendar year, 19.9% of pediatric candidates for liver transplant were younger than 1 year, 34.2% were aged 1-5 years, 15.6% were aged 6-11 years, 24.1% were aged 12-17 years, and 6.3% were aged 18 years or older (turned 18 while waiting) (Figure LI 113). The sex distribution of pediatric candidates was balanced, with 50.9% being female and 49.1% male (Figure LI 115). The racial and ethnic composition was 42.9% White, 26.4% Hispanic, 15.4% Black, 7.4% Asian, 3.1% Multiracial, 0.9% Native American, and 3.8% unreported (Figure LI 114). Based on the latest status during the calendar year, 31.8% of pediatric candidates were listed with exception points (Figure LI 116).

4.2 Waitlist Outcomes

Overall, deceased donor transplant rates have increased for pediatric candidates over the past decade (albeit more modestly compared to in adults), and the rate was 117.1 transplants per 100 patient-years in 2024 compared with 85.6 in 2014 (Figure LI 117). Higher transplant rates were seen for pediatric candidates younger than 1 year, at 234.5 transplants per 100 patient-years (Figure LI 118).

After 3 years, 64.5% of pediatric candidates newly listed in 2019-2021 had undergone deceased donor liver transplant, 11.2% received living donor liver transplant, 17.4% were removed from the list for reasons other than transplant or death, 3.7% were still waiting, and 3.3% died (Figure LI 120).

The overall pretransplant mortality rates have generally decreased over the past decade; in 2024 the rate was 4.9 deaths per 100 patient-years, compared with 7.6 in 2014 (Figure LI 121). Despite their higher transplant rate, candidates younger than 1 year still had the highest pretransplant mortality rate in 2024 at 15.9 deaths per 100 patient-years (Figure LI 122).

4.3 Transplants

In 2024, there were 572 pediatric liver transplants performed: 461 (80.6%) deceased donor and 111 (19.4%) living donor (Figure LI 124 and Figure LI 125). Living donation for pediatric recipients has grown—up from 78 (14.6%) in 2023 and from just 52 (9.8%) in 2014.

The age distribution of pediatric liver transplant recipients was 26.9% younger than 1 year, 35.8% aged 1-5 years, 14.9% aged 6-11 years, and 22.4% aged 12-17 years (Figure LI 126 and Table LI 16). Pediatric liver transplant recipients were 51.6% female and 48.4% male (Table LI 16). In terms of race and ethnicity, 46.7% were White, 26.0% were Hispanic, 13.3% were Black, 6.1% were Asian, 2.8% were Multiracial, and 0.7% were Native American. Race and ethnicity were unreported for 4.4% of recipients. The most common insurance was Medicaid (50.0%), followed by private insurance (39.3%) and other/unknown (10.3%). Based on the recipient’s reported permanent zip code of residence, 85.5% lived in a metropolitan area; 47.6% lived less than 50 miles from the transplant center, 15.7% lived 50-<100 miles away, 10.3% lived 100-<150 miles away, 11.7% lived 150-<250 miles away, and 13.5% lived 250 miles or farther.

The most common primary diagnosis in pediatric liver transplant recipients in 2024 was biliary atresia (35.7%), followed by other/unknown (27.4%), metabolic disease (14.7%), other cholestatic disease (8.6%), acute liver failure (7.2%), and hepatoblastoma (6.5%) (Table LI 17). Compared with 8.7% in 2014, only 4.4% of recipients in 2024 had a prior liver transplant (Table LI 18).

The most common blood type among pediatric transplant recipients in 2024 was type O (49.3%), followed by type A (34.3%), type B (12.9%) and type AB (3.5%), with 6.3% of liver transplants considered ABO incompatible, not including A2 into B transplants (Table LI 17 and Table LI 18). No livers from DCD donors were used in pediatric recipients in 2024. Split liver or partial liver grafts were used in nearly half (47.9%) of pediatric recipients (Figure LI 129). In 2024, there were 43 (7.5%) pediatric liver transplants that included at least one other organ (ie, multiorgan), including 20 liver-intestine-pancreas, 15 liver-kidney, and 2 liver-heart recipients (Table LI 18).

At the time of transplant, the urgency status was status 1A for 11.9% of pediatric liver transplant recipients and status 1B for 23.3% for transplants in 2024 (Table LI 17). The laboratory MELD/pediatric end-stage liver disease (PELD) score was 40 or greater in 9.1% of recipients, MELD/PELD of 35-39 in 2.3%, MELD/PELD of 25-34 in 12.6%, MELD/PELD of 15-24 in 21.9%, and MELD/PELD of 14 or lower in 54.2%. Compared with 10 years prior, there were fewer pediatric patients receiving liver transplant at status 1A and more at status 1B and in the 40 or greater laboratory MELD/PELD category. At the time of transplant, 42.7% of recipients had exception points, a decrease from a peak of 59.5% in 2018 (Figure LI 127), prior to implementation of the National Liver Review Board. Overall, waiting times were shorter: 67.1% of transplant recipients had waited 90 days or less, 17.0% waited 3-<6 months, 6.6% waited 6-<12 months, 5.2% waited 1-<2 years, and 4.0% waited 2 years or longer. In comparison, only 57.9% of recipients had waited 90 days or less in 2014 (Table LI 18).

In terms of organ transportation distance, 35.0% of patients received a liver from a donor within 150 miles of the transplant center; 11.9%, within 150-<250 miles; 31.3%, within 250-<500 miles; and 21.9%, 500 miles or farther (Figure LI 128).

Induction immunosuppression was reported in 39.0% of pediatric recipients, more commonly interleukin-2 receptor antibody than T-cell–depleting agent (Figure LI 130 and Figure LI 131). For maintenance, the most common reported regimen was combination tacrolimus, mycophenolate, and steroids (40.9%), followed by tacrolimus plus steroids (37.2%) (Figure LI 132). Serologic data indicated a cytomegalovirus mismatch (donor positive, recipient negative) in 27.9% of cases (Table LI 19).

4.4 Outcomes

Graft failure rates among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients improved in 2024 compared with previous years: 5.3% at 6 months and 6.1% at 1 year for transplants in 2023 (Figure LI 133). The rate of graft failure was 11.6% at 3 years for recipients of transplant in 2021, 14.4% at 5 years for recipients of transplant in 2019, and 19.5% at 10 years for recipients of transplant in 2014. The risk of death was 3.6% at 6 months and 4.3% at 12 months for recipients of transplant in 2023, 8.0% at 3 years for recipients of transplant in 2021, 9.6% at 5 years for recipients of transplant in 2019, and 12.5% at 10 years for recipients of transplant in 2014 (Figure LI 135).

Among a cohort of pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients from 2017-2019, the 5-year graft and patient survival were 86.6% and 90.3%, respectively (Figure LI 139 and Figure LI 141). Long-term outcomes were similar across age groups (Figure LI 136 and Figure LI 142) but differed by diagnosis, with higher graft and patient survival among those with biliary atresia, other cholestatic liver disease, or metabolic disease (Figure LI 137 and Figure LI 143).

Among pediatric living donor liver transplant recipients in 2023, graft failure at 6 months was 2.6% and at 1 year was 3.8% (Figure LI 134). In the cohort of pediatric transplant recipients from 2017-2019, living donor transplant recipients had higher 5-year graft survival compared to deceased donor transplant recipients (91.5% versus 86.6%), as well as higher 5-year patient survival (95.3% versus 90.3%) (Figure LI 139 and Figure LI 144). Patients with non-HCC exception points had superior graft outcomes compared to those without an exception (Figure LI 140).

The incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant ranged from 23.3% to 30.3% and was more common in the younger age groups (younger than 1 year and 1-5 years) (Figure LI 145). The reported incidence of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder after 5 years was 4.7%: 5.4% among those EBV-negative at the time of transplant and 3.6% among those EBV-positive at transplant (Figure LI 146).

Support, Copyright, and Citation Information

This publication was produced for the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), by Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute (HHRI) and the United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) under contracts HHSH75R60220C00011/HHSH75R60226C00003 and HHSH250201900001C, respectively.

This publication lists nonfederal resources in order to provide additional information to consumers. The views and content in these resources have not been formally approved by HHS or HRSA. Neither HHS nor HRSA endorses the products or services of the listed resources.

The OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report is not copyrighted. Readers are free to duplicate and use all or part of the information contained in this publication. Data are not copyrighted and may be used without permission if appropriate citation information is provided.

Pursuant to 42 U.S.C. 1320b-10, this publication may not be reproduced, reprinted, or redistributed for a fee without specific written authorization from HHS.

Suggested Citations:

Full citation: Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) and Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR). OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration; 2026. Accessed [insert date]. https://srtr.transplant.hrsa.gov/annualdatareports
Abbreviated full citation: OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report. HHS/HRSA; 2026. Accessed [insert date]. https://srtr.transplant.hrsa.gov/annualdatareports
Chapter citation: [Authors]. OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report: [chapter]. Accessed [insert date]. https://srtr.transplant.hrsa.gov/annualdatareports
Chapter citation for AJT e-supplement available at amjtransplant.org: [Authors]. OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report: [chapter]. Am J Transplant. 2026;26([issue and suppl numbers]):[page range]. [doi]

Publications based on data in this report or supplied on request must include a citation and the following statement: The data and analyses reported in the OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report have been supplied by the United Network for Organ Sharing and Hennepin Healthcare Research Institute under contract with HHS/HRSA. The authors alone are responsible for reporting and interpreting these data; the views expressed herein are those of the authors and not necessarily those of the U.S. government.

This report is available at https://srtr.transplant.hrsa.gov/annualdatareports. Individual chapters, as well as the report as a whole, may be downloaded.

List of Figures

Figure LI 1: New adult candidates added to the liver transplant waiting list
Figure LI 2: All adult candidates on the liver transplant waiting list
Figure LI 3: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by age
Figure LI 4: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by sex
Figure LI 5: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by exception status
Figure LI 6: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 7: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by diagnosis
Figure LI 8: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by last laboratory MELD score in the year
Figure LI 9: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by BMI
Figure LI 10: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by blood type
Figure LI 11: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by prior liver transplant status
Figure LI 12: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by active status
Figure LI 13: Overall deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates
Figure LI 14: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by age
Figure LI 15: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 16: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by diagnosis
Figure LI 17: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by blood type
Figure LI 18: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by exception status
Figure LI 19: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by sex
Figure LI 20: Percentages of adults who underwent deceased donor liver transplant within a given period of listing
Figure LI 21: Three-year outcomes for adults waiting for liver transplant, new listings in 2019-2021
Figure LI 22: Overall pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant
Figure LI 23: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by age
Figure LI 24: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 25: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by sex
Figure LI 26: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by diagnosis
Figure LI 27: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by first laboratory MELD score in the year
Figure LI 28: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver by exception status
Figure LI 29: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant in 2024 by DSA
Figure LI 30: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates overall
Figure LI 31: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by laboratory MELD score at removal
Figure LI 32: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by age
Figure LI 33: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 34: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by sex
Figure LI 35: Overall liver transplants
Figure LI 36: Overall adult liver transplants
Figure LI 37: Adult liver transplants by donor type
Figure LI 38: Adult liver transplants by recipient age
Figure LI 39: Adult liver transplants by sex
Figure LI 40: Adult liver transplants by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 41: Adult liver transplants by diagnosis
Figure LI 42: Adult liver transplants by DBD/DCD or living donor status
Figure LI 43: Adult liver transplants by prior liver transplant status
Figure LI 44: Adult liver transplants by exception status
Figure LI 45: Adult liver transplants by multiorgan transplant type
Figure LI 46: Adult liver transplants by distance between donor and center
Figure LI 47: Adult liver transplants by SLK
Figure LI 48: Adult SLK transplants by SLK diagnosis
Figure LI 49: New adult candidates added to the kidney transplant waiting list after liver transplant by time to kidney listing from liver transplant
Figure LI 50: New adult candidates added to the kidney transplant waiting list after liver transplant by diagnosis
Figure LI 51: Adult kidney after liver transplants by SLK safety net eligibility
Figure LI 52: Induction agent use in adult liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 53: Type of induction agent use in adult liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 54: Immunosuppression regimen use in adult liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 55: Number of centers performing at least one pediatric or adult liver transplant
Figure LI 56: Number of centers performing at least one pediatric or adult liver transplant by number of transplants performed
Figure LI 57: Graft failure among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 58: Graft failure among adult living donor liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 59: Percentages of patient deaths among adult liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 60: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age
Figure LI 61: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 62: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by sex
Figure LI 63: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis
Figure LI 64: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score
Figure LI 65: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by DBD and DCD status
Figure LI 66: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by exception status
Figure LI 67: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by BMI
Figure LI 68: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age
Figure LI 69: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 70: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by sex
Figure LI 71: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis
Figure LI 72: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score
Figure LI 73: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age
Figure LI 74: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 75: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by sex
Figure LI 76: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis
Figure LI 77: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score
Figure LI 78: Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age
Figure LI 79: Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis
Figure LI 80: Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 81: Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score
Figure LI 82: Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among adult liver transplant recipients by age
Figure LI 83: Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among adult liver transplant recipients by induction agent
Figure LI 84: Incidence of PTLD among adult liver transplant recipients by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2013-2019
Figure LI 85: Overall deceased liver donor count
Figure LI 86: Deceased liver donor count by age
Figure LI 87: Deceased liver donor count by HCV status
Figure LI 88: Distribution of deceased liver donors by age
Figure LI 89: Distribution of deceased liver donors by sex
Figure LI 90: Distribution of deceased liver donors by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 91: Distribution of deceased liver donors by donor HCV status
Figure LI 92: Distribution of deceased liver donors by DBD and DCD status
Figure LI 93: Distribution of deceased liver donors by % macrovesicular fat
Figure LI 94: Cause of death among deceased liver donors
Figure LI 95: Overall percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted
Figure LI 96: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor age
Figure LI 97: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor sex
Figure LI 98: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor race and ethnicity
Figure LI 99: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor cause of death
Figure LI 100: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor HCV status
Figure LI 101: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted, by donor risk of disease transmission
Figure LI 102: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by DBD and DCD status
Figure LI 103: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by % macrovesicular fat
Figure LI 104: Overall number of living liver donors
Figure LI 105: Number of living liver donors by donor relation
Figure LI 106: Living liver donors by age
Figure LI 107: Living liver donors by sex
Figure LI 108: Living liver donors by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 109: Living donor liver transplant graft type
Figure LI 110: BMI among living liver donors
Figure LI 111: New pediatric candidates added to the liver transplant waiting list
Figure LI 112: All pediatric candidates on the liver transplant waiting list
Figure LI 113: Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by age
Figure LI 114: Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 115: Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by sex
Figure LI 116: Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by exception status
Figure LI 117: Overall deceased donor liver transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates
Figure LI 118: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates by age
Figure LI 119: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 120: Three-year outcomes for newly listed pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant, 2019-2021
Figure LI 121: Overall pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for liver transplant
Figure LI 122: Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by age
Figure LI 123: Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by race and ethnicity
Figure LI 124: Overall pediatric liver transplants
Figure LI 125: Pediatric liver transplants by donor type
Figure LI 126: Pediatric liver transplants by recipient age
Figure LI 127: Pediatric liver transplants by exception status
Figure LI 128: Pediatric liver transplants by distance between donor and center
Figure LI 129: Percentages of split or partial liver transplants in pediatric recipients
Figure LI 130: Induction agent use in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 131: Type of induction agent use in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 132: Immunosuppression regimen use in pediatric liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 133: Graft failure among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 134: Graft failure among pediatric living donor liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 135: Percentages of patient deaths among pediatric liver transplant recipients
Figure LI 136: Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age
Figure LI 137: Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis
Figure LI 138: Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD or PELD score
Figure LI 139: Graft survival among pediatric liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by donor type
Figure LI 140: Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by exception status
Figure LI 141: Overall patient survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019
Figure LI 142: Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by recipient age
Figure LI 143: Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis
Figure LI 144: Patient survival among pediatric liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by donor type
Figure LI 145: Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among pediatric liver transplant recipients by age
Figure LI 146: Incidence of PTLD among pediatric liver transplant recipients by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2013-2019

List of Tables

Table LI 1: Demographic characteristics of adults on the liver transplant waiting list on December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2024
Table LI 2: Clinical characteristics of adults on the liver transplant waiting list on December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2024
Table LI 3: Listing characteristics of adults on the liver transplant waiting list on December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2024
Table LI 4: Liver transplant waitlist activity among adults
Table LI 5: Removal reason among adult liver transplant candidates
Table LI 6: Demographic characteristics of adult liver transplant recipients, 2014 and 2024
Table LI 7: Clinical characteristics of adult liver transplant recipients, 2014 and 2024
Table LI 8: Transplant characteristics of adult liver transplant recipients, 2014 and 2024
Table LI 9: Adult deceased donor liver donor-recipient serology matching, 2022-2024
Table LI 10: Adult living donor liver donor-recipient serology matching, 2022-2024
Table LI 11: Demographic characteristics of pediatric candidates on the liver transplant waiting list on December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2024
Table LI 12: Clinical characteristics of pediatric candidates on the liver transplant waiting list on December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2024
Table LI 13: Listing characteristics of pediatric candidates on the liver transplant waiting list on December 31, 2014, and December 31, 2024
Table LI 14: Liver transplant waitlist activity among pediatric candidates
Table LI 15: Removal reason among pediatric liver transplant candidates
Table LI 16: Demographic characteristics of pediatric liver transplant recipients, 2014 and 2024
Table LI 17: Clinical characteristics of pediatric liver transplant recipients, 2014 and 2024
Table LI 18: Transplant characteristics of pediatric liver transplant recipients, 2014 and 2024
Table LI 19: Pediatric deceased donor liver donor-recipient serology matching, 2022-2024
Table LI 20: Pediatric living donor liver donor-recipient serology matching, 2022-2024

**New adult candidates added to the liver transplant waiting list.** A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and subsequently relisted are considered new. Active and inactive patients are included.

Figure LI 1: New adult candidates added to the liver transplant waiting list. A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and subsequently relisted are considered new. Active and inactive patients are included.

**All adult candidates on the liver transplant waiting list.** Adult candidates on the list at any time during the year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.

Figure LI 2: All adult candidates on the liver transplant waiting list. Adult candidates on the list at any time during the year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by age.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included. Age is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year.

Figure LI 3: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by age. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included. Age is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by sex.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

Figure LI 4: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by sex. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by exception status.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. Exception status is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure LI 5: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by exception status. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. Exception status is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by race and ethnicity.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

Figure LI 6: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by race and ethnicity. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by diagnosis.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction--associated steatohepatitis.

Figure LI 7: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by diagnosis. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by last laboratory MELD score in the year.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Figure LI 8: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by last laboratory MELD score in the year. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by BMI.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. BMI, body mass index.

Figure LI 9: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by BMI. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. BMI, body mass index.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by blood type.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

Figure LI 10: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by blood type. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by prior liver transplant status.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

Figure LI 11: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by prior liver transplant status. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

**Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by active status.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. Active status is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year.

Figure LI 12: Distribution of adult candidates waiting for liver transplant by active status. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. Active status is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year.

**Overall deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.

Figure LI 13: Overall deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.

**Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by age.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year.

Figure LI 14: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by age. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year.

**Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 15: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

**Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by diagnosis.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction--associated steatohepatitis.

Figure LI 16: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by diagnosis. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

**Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by blood type.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.

Figure LI 17: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by blood type. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.

**Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by exception status.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Exception status is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the year. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure LI 18: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by exception status. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Exception status is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the year. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

**Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by sex.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.

Figure LI 19: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among adult waitlist candidates by sex. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.

**Percentages of adults who underwent deceased donor liver transplant within a given period of listing.** Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.

Figure LI 20: Percentages of adults who underwent deceased donor liver transplant within a given period of listing. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.

**Three-year outcomes for adults waiting for liver transplant, new listings in 2019-2021.** Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Removed from list includes all reasons except transplant and death. DD, deceased donor; LD, living donor.

Figure LI 21: Three-year outcomes for adults waiting for liver transplant, new listings in 2019-2021. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Removed from list includes all reasons except transplant and death. DD, deceased donor; LD, living donor.

**Overall pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.

Figure LI 22: Overall pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.

**Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by age.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year.

Figure LI 23: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by age. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year.

**Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by race and ethnicity.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 24: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by race and ethnicity. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

**Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by sex.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.

Figure LI 25: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by sex. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.

**Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by diagnosis.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction--associated steatohepatitis.

Figure LI 26: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by diagnosis. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

**Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by first laboratory MELD score in the year.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Medical urgency is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the year. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Figure LI 27: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by first laboratory MELD score in the year. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Medical urgency is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the year. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

**Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver by exception status.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Exception status is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the year. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure LI 28: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver by exception status. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Exception status is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the year. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

**Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant in 2024 by DSA.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. DSA, donation service area.

Figure LI 29: Pretransplant mortality rates among adult candidates waitlisted for liver transplant in 2024 by DSA. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. DSA, donation service area.

**Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates overall.** Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list.

Figure LI 30: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates overall. Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list.

**Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by laboratory MELD score at removal.** Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Figure LI 31: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by laboratory MELD score at removal. Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

**Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by age.** Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list. Age is determined at removal.

Figure LI 32: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by age. Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list. Age is determined at removal.

**Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity.** Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 33: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity. Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

**Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by sex.** Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list.

Figure LI 34: Percentages of deaths within 6 months after removal among adult liver waitlist candidates by sex. Denominator includes only candidates removed from the waiting list for reasons other than transplant or death while on the list.

Figure LI 35: Overall liver transplants. All liver transplants, including adult and pediatric, retransplant, and multiorgan.

Figure LI 36: Overall adult liver transplants. All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan.

Figure LI 37: Adult liver transplants by donor type. Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan.

**Adult liver transplants by recipient age.** Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 38: Adult liver transplants by recipient age. Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 39: Adult liver transplants by sex. Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan.

Figure LI 40: Adult liver transplants by race and ethnicity. Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan.

**Adult liver transplants by diagnosis.** Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction--associated steatohepatitis.

Figure LI 41: Adult liver transplants by diagnosis. Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

**Adult liver transplants by DBD/DCD or living donor status.** Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.

Figure LI 42: Adult liver transplants by DBD/DCD or living donor status. Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.

Figure LI 43: Adult liver transplants by prior liver transplant status. Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan.

**Adult liver transplants by exception status.** Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure LI 44: Adult liver transplants by exception status. Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

**Adult liver transplants by multiorgan transplant type.** All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Similar counts for liver-heart, liver-intestine-pancreas, and other multiorgan may obscure some of these lines on the graph.

Figure LI 45: Adult liver transplants by multiorgan transplant type. All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Similar counts for liver-heart, liver-intestine-pancreas, and other multiorgan may obscure some of these lines on the graph.

**Adult liver transplants by distance between donor and center.** All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Distance between donor and center is computed from donor hospital to the transplant center.

Figure LI 46: Adult liver transplants by distance between donor and center. All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Distance between donor and center is computed from donor hospital to the transplant center.

**Adult liver transplants by SLK.** Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. SLK transplants are in recipients with a liver and kidney transplant from the same donor. SLK, simultaneous liver-kidney.

Figure LI 47: Adult liver transplants by SLK. Adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. SLK transplants are in recipients with a liver and kidney transplant from the same donor. SLK, simultaneous liver-kidney.

**Adult SLK transplants by SLK diagnosis.** Adult SLK transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. SLK transplants are in recipients with a liver and kidney transplant from the same donor. SLK, simultaneous liver-kidney.

Figure LI 48: Adult SLK transplants by SLK diagnosis. Adult SLK transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. SLK transplants are in recipients with a liver and kidney transplant from the same donor. SLK, simultaneous liver-kidney.

**New adult candidates added to the kidney transplant waiting list after liver transplant by time to kidney listing from liver transplant.** A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and subsequently relisted are considered new. Active and inactive patients are included.

Figure LI 49: New adult candidates added to the kidney transplant waiting list after liver transplant by time to kidney listing from liver transplant. A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and subsequently relisted are considered new. Active and inactive patients are included.

**New adult candidates added to the kidney transplant waiting list after liver transplant by diagnosis.** A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and subsequently relisted are considered new. Active and inactive patients are included. CNI, calcineurin inhibitor.

Figure LI 50: New adult candidates added to the kidney transplant waiting list after liver transplant by diagnosis. A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and subsequently relisted are considered new. Active and inactive patients are included. CNI, calcineurin inhibitor.

**Adult kidney after liver transplants by SLK safety net eligibility.** Adult kidney transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. SLK transplants are in recipients with a liver and kidney transplant from the same donor. SLK, simultaneous liver-kidney; SN, safety net.

Figure LI 51: Adult kidney after liver transplants by SLK safety net eligibility. Adult kidney transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. SLK transplants are in recipients with a liver and kidney transplant from the same donor. SLK, simultaneous liver-kidney; SN, safety net.

**Induction agent use in adult liver transplant recipients.** All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN.

Figure LI 52: Induction agent use in adult liver transplant recipients. All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN.

**Type of induction agent use in adult liver transplant recipients.** All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN. IL2Ab, interleukin-2 receptor antibody; TCD, T-cell depleting.

Figure LI 53: Type of induction agent use in adult liver transplant recipients. All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN. IL2Ab, interleukin-2 receptor antibody; TCD, T-cell depleting.

**Immunosuppression regimen use in adult liver transplant recipients.** All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression regimen at transplant reported to the OPTN. MMF, all mycophenolate agents; Tac, tacrolimus.

Figure LI 54: Immunosuppression regimen use in adult liver transplant recipients. All adult liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression regimen at transplant reported to the OPTN. MMF, all mycophenolate agents; Tac, tacrolimus.

**Number of centers performing at least one pediatric or adult liver transplant.** Count of all centers that have performed at least one liver transplant.

Figure LI 55: Number of centers performing at least one pediatric or adult liver transplant. Count of all centers that have performed at least one liver transplant.

**Number of centers performing at least one pediatric or adult liver transplant by number of transplants performed.** Count of all centers that have performed at least one liver transplant.

Figure LI 56: Number of centers performing at least one pediatric or adult liver transplant by number of transplants performed. Count of all centers that have performed at least one liver transplant.

**Graft failure among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients.** All adult recipients of deceased donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients.

Figure LI 57: Graft failure among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients. All adult recipients of deceased donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients.

**Graft failure among adult living donor liver transplant recipients.** All adult recipients of living donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients.

Figure LI 58: Graft failure among adult living donor liver transplant recipients. All adult recipients of living donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients.

**Percentages of patient deaths among adult liver transplant recipients.** All adult recipients of deceased donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients.

Figure LI 59: Percentages of patient deaths among adult liver transplant recipients. All adult recipients of deceased donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients.

**Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 60: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

**Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 61: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

**Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by sex.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

Figure LI 62: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by sex. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

**Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction--associated steatohepatitis.

Figure LI 63: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

**Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Figure LI 64: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

**Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by DBD and DCD status.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.

Figure LI 65: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by DBD and DCD status. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.

**Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by exception status.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure LI 66: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by exception status. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

**Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by BMI.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. BMI, body mass index.

Figure LI 67: Graft survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by BMI. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. BMI, body mass index.

**Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 68: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

**Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 69: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

**Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by sex.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

Figure LI 70: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by sex. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

**Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction--associated steatohepatitis.

Figure LI 71: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

**Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Figure LI 72: Graft survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

**Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age.** Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 73: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age. Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

**Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity.** Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 74: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity. Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

**Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by sex.** Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

Figure LI 75: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by sex. Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

**Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis.** Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction--associated steatohepatitis.

Figure LI 76: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis. Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

**Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score.** Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Figure LI 77: Patient survival among adult deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score. Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

**Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age.** Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 78: Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age. Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

**Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis.** Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction--associated steatohepatitis.

Figure LI 79: Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis. Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; HCV, hepatitis C virus; MASH, metabolic dysfunction–associated steatohepatitis.

**Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity.** Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 80: Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by race and ethnicity. Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

**Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score.** Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

Figure LI 81: Patient survival among adult living donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD score. Patient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease.

**Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among adult liver transplant recipients by age.** Only the first reported rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 82: Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among adult liver transplant recipients by age. Only the first reported rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Age is recipient age at transplant.

**Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among adult liver transplant recipients by induction agent.** Only the first reported rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. IL2Ab, interleukin-2 receptor antibody; TCD, T-cell depleting.

Figure LI 83: Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among adult liver transplant recipients by induction agent. Only the first reported rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. IL2Ab, interleukin-2 receptor antibody; TCD, T-cell depleting.

**Incidence of PTLD among adult liver transplant recipients by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2013-2019.** Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. PTLD is identified as a reported complication or cause of death on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form or the Posttransplant Malignancy Form as polymorphic PTLD, monomorphic PTLD, or Hodgkin's disease. Only the earliest date of PTLD diagnosis is considered. EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; PTLD, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Figure LI 84: Incidence of PTLD among adult liver transplant recipients by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2013-2019. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. PTLD is identified as a reported complication or cause of death on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form or the Posttransplant Malignancy Form as polymorphic PTLD, monomorphic PTLD, or Hodgkin’s disease. Only the earliest date of PTLD diagnosis is considered. EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; PTLD, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Figure LI 85: Overall deceased liver donor count. Count of deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant.

Figure LI 86: Deceased liver donor count by age. Count of deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant.

**Deceased liver donor count by HCV status.** Count of deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant. Donor HCV status was based on an antibody test. HCV, hepatitis C virus.

Figure LI 87: Deceased liver donor count by HCV status. Count of deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant. Donor HCV status was based on an antibody test. HCV, hepatitis C virus.

Figure LI 88: Distribution of deceased liver donors by age. Deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant.

Figure LI 89: Distribution of deceased liver donors by sex. Deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant.

$**Distribution of deceased liver donors by race and ethnicity.** Deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.$

Figure LI 90: Distribution of deceased liver donors by race and ethnicity. Deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

**Distribution of deceased liver donors by donor HCV status.** Deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant. Donor HCV status was based on NAT and antibody tests. Ab, antibody; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAT, nucleic acid test.

Figure LI 91: Distribution of deceased liver donors by donor HCV status. Deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant. Donor HCV status was based on NAT and antibody tests. Ab, antibody; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAT, nucleic acid test.

**Distribution of deceased liver donors by DBD and DCD status.** Deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.

Figure LI 92: Distribution of deceased liver donors by DBD and DCD status. Deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.

Figure LI 93: Distribution of deceased liver donors by % macrovesicular fat. Deceased donors whose livers were recovered for transplant.

Figure LI 94: Cause of death among deceased liver donors. Deceased donors with a liver recovered for transplant. CVA, cerebrovascular accident.

**Overall percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted.** Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant.

Figure LI 95: Overall percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted. Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant.

**Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor age.** Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant.

Figure LI 96: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor age. Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant.

**Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor sex.** Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant.

Figure LI 97: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor sex. Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant.

**Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor race and ethnicity.** Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 98: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor race and ethnicity. Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

$**Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor cause of death.** Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. CVA, cerebrovascular accident.$

Figure LI 99: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor cause of death. Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. CVA, cerebrovascular accident.

**Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor HCV status.** Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. Donor HCV status was based on NAT and antibody tests. Ab, antibody; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAT, nucleic acid test.

Figure LI 100: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by donor HCV status. Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. Donor HCV status was based on NAT and antibody tests. Ab, antibody; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAT, nucleic acid test.

**Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted, by donor risk of disease transmission.** Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. "Risk factors" refers to risk criteria for acute transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus from the US Public Health Service Guideline.

Figure LI 101: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted, by donor risk of disease transmission. Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. “Risk factors” refers to risk criteria for acute transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, or hepatitis C virus from the US Public Health Service Guideline.

**Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by DBD and DCD status.** Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.

Figure LI 102: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by DBD and DCD status. Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant. DBD, donation after brain death; DCD, donation after circulatory death.

**Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by % macrovesicular fat.** Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant.

Figure LI 103: Percentages of livers recovered for transplant and not transplanted by % macrovesicular fat. Percentages of livers not transplanted out of all livers recovered for transplant.

**Overall number of living liver donors.** Numbers of living donor donations, excluding domino livers, as reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form.

Figure LI 104: Overall number of living liver donors. Numbers of living donor donations, excluding domino livers, as reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form.

**Number of living liver donors by donor relation.** Numbers of living donor donations, excluding domino livers, as reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form.

Figure LI 105: Number of living liver donors by donor relation. Numbers of living donor donations, excluding domino livers, as reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form.

Figure LI 106: Living liver donors by age. As reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form. Domino liver donors excluded.

Figure LI 107: Living liver donors by sex. As reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form. Domino liver donors excluded.

**Living liver donors by race and ethnicity.** As reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form. Domino liver donors excluded. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 108: Living liver donors by race and ethnicity. As reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form. Domino liver donors excluded. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 109: Living donor liver transplant graft type. As reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form.

**BMI among living liver donors.** Donor height and weight reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form. Domino liver donors excluded. BMI, body mass index.

Figure LI 110: BMI among living liver donors. Donor height and weight reported on the OPTN Living Donor Registration Form. Domino liver donors excluded. BMI, body mass index.

**New pediatric candidates added to the liver transplant waiting list.** A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and were subsequently relisted are considered new. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

Figure LI 111: New pediatric candidates added to the liver transplant waiting list. A new candidate is one who first joined the list during the given year, without having been listed in a previous year. Previously listed candidates who underwent transplant and were subsequently relisted are considered new. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

**All pediatric candidates on the liver transplant waiting list.** Pediatric candidates listed at any time during the year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.

Figure LI 112: All pediatric candidates on the liver transplant waiting list. Pediatric candidates listed at any time during the year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing.

**Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by age.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included. Age is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. The 18+ category is for candidates who turned age 18 while waiting.

Figure LI 113: Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by age. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included. Age is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. The 18+ category is for candidates who turned age 18 while waiting.

**Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by race and ethnicity.** Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included.

Figure LI 114: Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by race and ethnicity. Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive candidates are included.

**Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by sex.** Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

Figure LI 115: Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by sex. Candidates waiting for transplant any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included.

**Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by exception status.** Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. Exception status is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure LI 116: Distribution of pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant by exception status. Candidates waiting for transplant at any time in the given year. Candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Active and inactive patients are included. Exception status is determined at the earliest of transplant, death, removal, or December 31 of the year. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

**Overall deceased donor liver transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.

Figure LI 117: Overall deceased donor liver transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately.

**Deceased donor liver transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates by age.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. The 18+ category is for candidates who turned age 18 while waiting.

Figure LI 118: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates by age. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. The 18+ category is for candidates who turned age 18 while waiting.

**Deceased donor liver transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity.** Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 119: Deceased donor liver transplant rates among pediatric waitlist candidates by race and ethnicity. Transplant rates are computed as the number of deceased donor transplants per 100 patient-years of waiting time in a given year. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

**Three-year outcomes for newly listed pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant, 2019-2021.** Pediatric candidates who joined the waiting list in 2019-2021. Pediatric candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Removed from list includes all reasons except transplant and death. DD, deceased donor; LD, living donor.

Figure LI 120: Three-year outcomes for newly listed pediatric candidates waiting for liver transplant, 2019-2021. Pediatric candidates who joined the waiting list in 2019-2021. Pediatric candidates listed at more than one center are counted once per listing. Removed from list includes all reasons except transplant and death. DD, deceased donor; LD, living donor.

**Overall pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for liver transplant.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.

Figure LI 121: Overall pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for liver transplant. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately.

**Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by age.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. The 18+ category is for candidates who turned age 18 while waiting.

Figure LI 122: Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by age. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. Age is determined at the later of listing date or January 1 of the given year. The 18+ category is for candidates who turned age 18 while waiting.

**Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by race and ethnicity.** Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 123: Pretransplant mortality rates among pediatric candidates waitlisted for liver transplant by race and ethnicity. Pretransplant mortality rates are computed as the number of deaths per 100 patient-years of waiting time in the given year. Waiting time is censored at transplant, death, transfer to another program, removal because of improved condition, or end of cohort. Individual listings are counted separately. The Other race category is composed of Native American, Multiracial, and unreported categories.

Figure LI 124: Overall pediatric liver transplants. All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan.

Figure LI 125: Pediatric liver transplants by donor type. All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan.

**Pediatric liver transplants by recipient age.** All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 126: Pediatric liver transplants by recipient age. All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Age is recipient age at transplant.

**Pediatric liver transplants by exception status.** All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure LI 127: Pediatric liver transplants by exception status. All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

**Pediatric liver transplants by distance between donor and center.** All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Distance between donor and center is computed from donor hospital to the transplant center.

Figure LI 128: Pediatric liver transplants by distance between donor and center. All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Distance between donor and center is computed from donor hospital to the transplant center.

**Percentages of split or partial liver transplants in pediatric recipients.** Percentages of transplants from whole liver, partial liver (including living donation), and split liver.

Figure LI 129: Percentages of split or partial liver transplants in pediatric recipients. Percentages of transplants from whole liver, partial liver (including living donation), and split liver.

**Induction agent use in pediatric liver transplant recipients.** All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN.

Figure LI 130: Induction agent use in pediatric liver transplant recipients. All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN.

**Type of induction agent use in pediatric liver transplant recipients.** Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN. IL2Ab, interleukin-2 receptor antibody; TCD, T-cell depleting.

Figure LI 131: Type of induction agent use in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Immunosuppression at transplant reported to the OPTN. IL2Ab, interleukin-2 receptor antibody; TCD, T-cell depleting.

**Immunosuppression regimen use in pediatric liver transplant recipients.** All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression regimen at transplant reported to the OPTN. MMF, all mycophenolate agents; Tac, tacrolimus.

Figure LI 132: Immunosuppression regimen use in pediatric liver transplant recipients. All pediatric liver transplants, including retransplant and multiorgan. Immunosuppression regimen at transplant reported to the OPTN. MMF, all mycophenolate agents; Tac, tacrolimus.

**Graft failure among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients.** All pediatric recipients of deceased donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients. Estimates are unadjusted, computed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Recipients are followed to the earliest of retransplant; death; or 6 months, 1, 3, 5, or 10 years posttransplant. All-cause graft failure is defined as any of the prior outcomes prior to 6 months, 1, 3, 5, or 10 years, respectively.

Figure LI 133: Graft failure among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients. All pediatric recipients of deceased donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients. Estimates are unadjusted, computed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Recipients are followed to the earliest of retransplant; death; or 6 months, 1, 3, 5, or 10 years posttransplant. All-cause graft failure is defined as any of the prior outcomes prior to 6 months, 1, 3, 5, or 10 years, respectively.

**Graft failure among pediatric living donor liver transplant recipients.** All pediatric recipients of living donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients. Estimates are unadjusted, computed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Recipients are followed to the earliest of retransplant; death; or 6 months, 1, 3, 5, or 10 years posttransplant. All-cause graft failure is defined as any of the prior outcomes prior to 6 months, 1, 3, 5, or 10 years, respectively.

Figure LI 134: Graft failure among pediatric living donor liver transplant recipients. All pediatric recipients of living donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients. Estimates are unadjusted, computed using Kaplan-Meier methods. Recipients are followed to the earliest of retransplant; death; or 6 months, 1, 3, 5, or 10 years posttransplant. All-cause graft failure is defined as any of the prior outcomes prior to 6 months, 1, 3, 5, or 10 years, respectively.

**Percentages of patient deaths among pediatric liver transplant recipients.** All pediatric recipients of deceased donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients. Estimates are unadjusted, computed using Kaplan-Meier methods.

Figure LI 135: Percentages of patient deaths among pediatric liver transplant recipients. All pediatric recipients of deceased donor livers, including multiorgan transplant recipients. Estimates are unadjusted, computed using Kaplan-Meier methods.

**Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age.** Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 136: Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by age. Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

**Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

Figure LI 137: Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

**Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD or PELD score.** Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Pediatric candidates aged 12-17 years can be assigned MELD or PELD scores. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; PELD, pediatric end-stage liver disease.

Figure LI 138: Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by laboratory MELD or PELD score. Graft survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Pediatric candidates aged 12-17 years can be assigned MELD or PELD scores. MELD, model for end-stage liver disease; PELD, pediatric end-stage liver disease.

**Graft survival among pediatric liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by donor type.** Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

Figure LI 139: Graft survival among pediatric liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by donor type. Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

**Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by exception status.** Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

Figure LI 140: Graft survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by exception status. Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma.

**Overall patient survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019.** Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

Figure LI 141: Overall patient survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019. Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

**Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by recipient age.** Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 142: Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by recipient age. Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods. Age is recipient age at transplant.

**Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis.** Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

Figure LI 143: Patient survival among pediatric deceased donor liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by diagnosis. Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

**Patient survival among pediatric liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by donor type.** Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

Figure LI 144: Patient survival among pediatric liver transplant recipients, 2017-2019, by donor type. Recipient survival estimated using unadjusted Kaplan-Meier methods.

**Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among pediatric liver transplant recipients by age.** Only the first reported rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Age is recipient age at transplant.

Figure LI 145: Incidence of acute rejection by 1 year posttransplant among pediatric liver transplant recipients by age. Only the first reported rejection event is counted. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Age is recipient age at transplant.

**Incidence of PTLD among pediatric liver transplant recipients by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2013-2019.** Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. PTLD is identified as a reported complication or cause of death on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form or on the Posttransplant Malignancy Form as polymorphic PTLD, monomorphic PTLD, or Hodgkin's disease. Only the earliest date of PTLD diagnosis is considered. EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; PTLD, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Figure LI 146: Incidence of PTLD among pediatric liver transplant recipients by recipient EBV status at transplant, 2013-2019. Cumulative incidence is estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. PTLD is identified as a reported complication or cause of death on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Follow-up Form or on the Posttransplant Malignancy Form as polymorphic PTLD, monomorphic PTLD, or Hodgkin’s disease. Only the earliest date of PTLD diagnosis is considered. EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; PTLD, posttransplant lymphoproliferative disorder.

Characteristic	2014 N	2014 Percent	2024 N	2024 Percent
Age (years)
18-34 years	685	4.5	525	5.8
35-49	2,149	14.1	1,792	19.6
50-64	9,229	60.5	4,281	46.9
65+	3,186	20.9	2,532	27.7
Sex
Female	5,694	37.3	3,736	40.9
Male	9,555	62.7	5,394	59.1
Race and ethnicity
Asian	784	5.1	451	4.9
Black	1,125	7.4	603	6.6
Hispanic	2,524	16.6	1,947	21.3
Multiracial	42	0.3	66	0.7
Native American	125	0.8	91	1.0
White	10,649	69.8	5,841	64.0
Unreported	0	0	131	1.4
Geography
Metropolitan	12,853	84.3	7,636	83.6
Nonmetropolitan	2,233	14.6	1,364	14.9
Missing	163	1.1	130	1.4
Distance between candidate and center (miles)
<50 miles	8,849	58.0	5,098	55.8
50-<100	2,544	16.7	1,692	18.5
100-<150	1,273	8.3	880	9.6
150-<250	1,225	8.0	691	7.6
250+	1,226	8.0	680	7.4
Missing	132	0.9	89	1.0
All candidates
All candidates	15,249	100.0	9,130	100.0
OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report

Characteristic	2014 N	2014 Percent	2024 N	2024 Percent
Diagnosis
Acute liver failure	259	1.7	99	1.1
HCV	4,309	28.3	553	6.1
Alcohol-associated cirrhosis	3,681	24.1	3,030	33.2
Alcohol-associated hepatitis	18	0.1	221	2.4
Cholestatic disease	1,323	8.7	702	7.7
HCC	1,071	7.0	1,050	11.5
MASH	1,592	10.4	1,918	21.0
Other/unknown	2,996	19.6	1,557	17.1
Blood type
A	5,941	39.0	3,574	39.1
AB	373	2.4	145	1.6
B	1,742	11.4	860	9.4
O	7,193	47.2	4,551	49.8
Urgency status
MELD	12,675	83.1	6,683	73.2
Status 1A	3	0.0	5	0.1
Inactive	2,566	16.8	2,442	26.7
Missing	5	0.0	0	0
Laboratory MELD
14 or lower	9,916	65.0	4,582	50.2
15-24	4,918	32.3	4,095	44.9
25-34	340	2.2	379	4.2
35-39	45	0.3	39	0.4
40+	25	0.2	35	0.4
Missing	5	0.0	0	0
Exception status for liver candidates
No exception	12,867	84.4	7,392	81.0
HCC exception	1,631	10.7	1,441	15.8
Non-HCC exception	746	4.9	297	3.3
Missing	5	0.0	0	0
All candidates
All candidates	15,249	100.0	9,130	100.0
OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report

Characteristic	2014 N	2014 Percent	2024 N	2024 Percent
Previous transplant
No prior transplant	14,839	97.3	8,855	97.0
Prior transplant	410	2.7	275	3.0
Waiting time
<90 days	2,009	13.2	2,142	23.5
3-<6 months	1,608	10.5	1,386	15.2
6-<12 months	2,355	15.4	1,720	18.8
1-<2 years	2,836	18.6	1,632	17.9
2+ years	6,441	42.2	2,250	24.6
All candidates
All candidates	15,249	100.0	9,130	100.0
OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report

Waiting list state	2022	2023	2024
Patients at start of year	11,322	10,537	9,739
Patients added during year	12,862	13,954	14,637
Patients removed during year	13,646	14,750	15,246
Patients at end of year	10,538	9,741	9,130
OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report

Removal reason	2022	2023	2024
Deceased donor transplant	8,462	9,515	10,368
Living donor transplant	515	579	493
Transplant outside US	2	2	5
Patient died	1,041	946	957
Patient refused transplant	118	146	114
Improved, transplant not needed	983	1,101	1,087
Too sick for transplant	1,091	974	924
Other	1,434	1,487	1,295
Still on waiting list	0	0	3
OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report

Donor	Recipient	CMV	EBV	HBsAg	HCV antibody	HCV NAT
D-	R-	15.00	0.39	94.58	80.24	84.48
D-	R+	20.45	5.03	3.49	9.58	10.07
D-	R unk	0.63	0.46	1.67	1.18	1.23
D+	R-	24.33	6.04	0.18	7.89	3.63
D+	R+	37.24	80.94	0.01	1.01	0.53
D+	R unk	1.16	6.95	0	0.09	0.04
D unk	R-	0.49	0.01	0.05	0	0.02
D unk	R+	0.69	0.17	0.00	0	0
D unk	R unk	0.02	0.01	0	0	0
OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report

Donor	Recipient	CMV	EBV
D-	R-	31.42	19.47
D-	R+	19.10	12.61
D-	R unk	1.11	0.66
D+	R-	27.88	31.05
D+	R+	17.99	34.29
D+	R unk	0.88	1.70
D unk	R-	0.81	0
D unk	R+	0.81	0.22
D unk	R unk	0	0
OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report

Donor	Recipient	CMV	EBV
D-	R-	31.52	5.43
D-	R+	13.04	4.71
D-	R unk	1.45	0.72
D+	R-	28.26	54.35
D+	R+	20.29	30.43
D+	R unk	1.09	1.09
D unk	R-	2.17	2.17
D unk	R+	2.17	1.09
D unk	R unk	0	0
OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report

**Table LI 6:** **Demographic characteristics of adult liver transplant recipients, 2014 and 2024.** Liver transplant recipients, including retransplant and multiorgan recipients. Distance between recipient and center is computed from recipient's home zip code to the transplant center. Distance between donor and center is computed from donor hospital to the transplant center.
Characteristic	2014 N	2014 Percent	2024 N	2024 Percent
Recipient age (years)
18-34 years	392	6.3	788	7.2
35-49	927	15.0	2,661	24.4
50-64	3,826	61.7	4,949	45.5
65+	1,055	17.0	2,488	22.9
Sex
Female	2,064	33.3	4,425	40.6
Male	4,136	66.7	6,461	59.4
Race and ethnicity
Asian	272	4.4	418	3.8
Black	622	10.0	677	6.2
Hispanic	820	13.2	2,011	18.5
Multiracial	23	0.4	77	0.7
Native American	44	0.7	166	1.5
White	4,419	71.3	7,276	66.8
Unreported	0	0	261	2.4
Body mass index
<18.5	103	1.7	186	1.7
18.5-<25	1,775	28.6	2,760	25.4
25-<30	2,112	34.1	3,549	32.6
30-<35	1,393	22.5	2,399	22.0
35+	811	13.1	1,840	16.9
Missing	6	0.1	152	1.4
Insurance
Private	3,315	53.5	5,571	51.2
Medicare	1,756	28.3	2,976	27.3
Medicaid	845	13.6	1,892	17.4
Other/unknown	284	4.6	447	4.1
Geography
Metropolitan	5,126	82.7	8,923	82.0
Nonmetropolitan	934	15.1	1,791	16.5
Missing	140	2.3	172	1.6
Distance between recipient and center (miles)
<50 miles	3,455	55.7	5,799	53.3
50-<100	1,055	17.0	2,079	19.1
100-<150	616	9.9	1,119	10.3
150-<250	509	8.2	866	8.0
250+	485	7.8	903	8.3
Missing	80	1.3	120	1.1

**Table LI 10:** **Adult living donor liver donor-recipient serology matching, 2022-2024.** Donor serology is reported on the OPTN Donor Registration Form and recipient serology on the OPTN Transplant Recipient Registration Form. There may be multiple fields per serology. Any evidence for a positive serology is treated as positive for that serology. Donor HCV NAT data are shown by recipient HCV antibody status. CMV, cytomegalovirus; EBV, Epstein-Barr virus; HBsAg, hepatitis B surface antigen; HCV, hepatitis C virus; NAT, nucleic acid test; unk, unknown.
Donor	Recipient	CMV	EBV	HBsAg	HCV antibody	HCV NAT
D-	R-	29.33	1.45	91.06	86.78	74.45
D-	R+	24.04	12.02	2.20	6.54	5.48
D-	R unk	1.32	0.57	3.90	3.34	3.02
D+	R-	15.10	5.41	0.38	0.57	0.06
D+	R+	25.61	70.55	0	0	0
D+	R unk	1.07	7.05	0.25	0.06	0
D unk	R-	2.33	0.13	2.08	2.45	15.29
D unk	R+	1.07	2.39	0.06	0.06	1.13
D unk	R unk	0.13	0.44	0.06	0.19	0.57
OPTN/SRTR 2024 Annual Data Report